There are three main types of allergy associated with gloves:
1. Contact urticaria – type I
This is a systemic allergic reaction to natural rubber latex proteins. Symptoms include hives, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and in severe cases anaphylaxis and hypotension.
2. Allergic contact dermatitis – type IV
This is a hypersensitivity reaction and is normally localised to the skin that has been in contact with the glove. It is generally a reaction to the chemicals used in glove production and most commonly to the ‘accelerator’ type chemicals used in latex and standard nitrile gloves. Symptoms include red rash (erythema) and itching.
3. Irritant contact dermatitis
This is a skin irritation that does not involve the body’s immune system response. It is caused by factors that dry and damage the skin, including the abrasive and drying effect of glove powder. Symptoms include dryness and redness. Those with this type of reaction should avoid latex and choose powder free disposable gloves.